Fisheries

Introduction

Fish and shrimp are known as two of the most important food sources in the world and are widely consumed as staple food in many countries. Also, these products are considered as one of the main export goods in many countries such as Iran. For the export and import of fish and shrimp, it is very important to pay attention to international regulations and standards in the field of health and food safety, and this can Protect against any health and economic risks. Considering that fish and shrimp are sensitive products and require special conditions for storage. Depending on the type of product and export destination, different method transportation is used. Also, depending on the destination country and the type of product, different regulations and requirements may be applied in the field of export and import. In general, for the export and import of fish and shrimp, one should get familiar with the regulations and standards related to export and import in the country in question and use expert advice. In this report, the important and significant cases in the export and import of various types of fish and shrimp have been discussed.

HS Code

– Fish: Codes 0301 to 0305 are used for the export and import of fish.
– Shrimp: code 0306 is used for the export and import of shrimp

Some of the important technical characteristics of fish and shrimps are:

1. Weight: The body weight of fish and shrimp varies from a few grams to a few kilograms and depends on their type and size.
2. Size: The body length of fish and shrimp can vary from a few millimeters to several meters.
3. Temperature: Fish and shrimps need a certain temperature for growth and production, which ranges from 10 degrees Celsius to 30 degrees Celsius and varies depending on their type.
4. Water PH: Fish and shrimps need a specific PH for growth and production, which varies depending on their type. For example, cold-water fish need a PH lower than 7, while warm-water fish need a PH higher than 7
5. Nutritional needs: The nutritional needs of fish and shrimps include protein, fat, carbohydrates and various vitamins and they vary depending on their type.
6. The number of eggs: if they are farmed fish or shrimp, the number of eggs they produce is also an important technical characteristic that should be considered.
7. Yield: The yield of a fish or shrimp means their production (or productivity), which should be taken into account to optimize the breeding system.
8. Oxygen requirement: To breed fish and shrimps, they need adequate oxygen supply in the water and the oxygen level in their breeding water should be taken into account.
9. Water requirement: Each type of fish and shrimp needs a certain volume of water for breeding and reproduction.
10. The need for special light conditions: Light conditions are very important for the growth and development of fish and shrimps. Some species of fish and shrimp need direct sunlight and others can grow with artificial light. Also, some fish and shrimps need less light to achieve better growth and full skeleton conditions.

Health Benefits

Fisheries are among the healthiest foods on the planet. They’re loaded with important nutrients, such as protein and vitamin D. Fisheries are also a great source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are incredibly important for your body and brain.

Here are 10 health benefits of eating fisheries that are supported by research.

1. High in important nutrients
2. May lower your risk of heart attacks and strokes
3. Contain nutrients that are crucial during development
4. May boost brain health
5.May help prevent and treat depression
6. A good dietary sources of vitamin D

7. May reduce your risk of autoimmune diseases
8. May help prevent asthma in children
9. May protect your vision in old age
10. Fish may improve sleep quality
11. Delicious and easy to prepare

Standards

For the export of fish and shrimp, the following international standards and regulations are observed:

1. HACCP standard: This standard is a food health and safety management system designed to prevent food-related hazards. The HACCP standard focuses on assessing possible risks in the process of food production, processing, distribution and consumption.
2. ISO international standards: In many countries, companies that operate in the field of food production, processing and export must comply with the international standards of the ISO organization. These standards include ISO 9001 (Quality Management) and ISO 22000 (Food Safety and Health Management).
3. Alimentarius Codex international standards: these standards were prepared by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations (UN) and include standards related to food quality and safety.
4. Laws and regulations related to health and food safety in the destination country: Every country can have its own regulations in the field of food health and safety. Therefore, companies that export food to foreign countries must comply with these regulations

Breeding and fishing time:

The breeding and fish and shrimp fishing in Iran is different depending on the type of fish and shrimp, region and weather conditions.
For example, in some regions of Iran, such as the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, the catch of various fishes is higher in autumn and winter and decreases in spring and summer. Also, in some provinces such as Golestan and Mazandaran, shrimp fishing is more in the summer season. Also, the breeding time of the fish depends on the type of fish and the environmental conditions It varies and may continue throughout the year.
The breeding and catching time of Iran’s export fish may be different depending on the type of fish and breeding conditions. In general, the fish that are caught in the waters of the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman (such as salmon, mullet, white fish, tobacco, sea bream, sea-wing fish, salmon, etc.) are in the highest price and demand in the winter season . However, farmed fish such as cellar fish (such as phaeton, salmon, carp, sturgeon, etc.), according to the breeding conditions, can be bred throughout the year and if appropriate weather conditions are met and proper ventilation equipment is used, can be continuously produced for export . Also, some farmed shrimp can also be farmed and exported throughout the year. Exported shrimps in Iran are generally grown in industrial farming conditions and in shrimp farms. The cultivation time of export shrimps in Iran depends on various conditions such as the type of shrimp, environmental conditions, temperature and feeding amount.
In general, shrimps for export in Iran are mainly bred in spring and autumn and in other seasons they are bred in a limited way. Fishing for export shrimp in Iran is done in different seasons of the year and according to weather conditions and type of shrimp.

PROCESSD PRODUCTS:

1. Smoked products
2. Dried products
3. Salted products
4. Marinated products
5. Fish sauce
6. Surimi products

7. Fish oil
8. Fish glue
9. Fish emulsion
10. Fish emulsion
11. Fish powder

SEAFOOD PACKAGING TYPES

Packaging serves two main purposes: to attract customers and preserve products. Food processing plants have a wide range of packaging options to choose from, but it mostly depends on the type of product they manufacture. Common packaging types include:
Stand-up pouches: Attention-grabbing stand-pouches offer convenience, reduce packaging costs and keep products fresh
Cans: Canning has been a long-used method to preserve processed fish. Tuna, salmon and sardines are commonly canned after processing. A tin can is sealed and heated to keep air out and preserve the food inside.
Vacuum skin packaging: Vacuum skin packaging (VSP) forms a tight, clear film over a product to enhance its visual appeal and extend its lifespan.
Multi-layer films: Multi-layer films create a tight seal to keep fish fresh. This type of packaging shows the product clearly, and the multiple layers help protect packages from punctures and abrasions.
Individually quick frozen (IQF) packaging: IQF packaging is often used for frozen fish fillets and other frozen seafood products. IQF is usually available in bag format and may come in a variety of styles, such as the pillow shape or flat bottom.
Packaging is often an automated process involving sophisticated machines that fill and seal product containers and bags. This process reduces the need for manual labor and speeds up the packaging stage.

Fish and shrimp export and import poles in the world:

The largest exporters of fish and shrimp in 2020 were China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and India. According to the statistics of the World Trade Organization,
China is known as the largest exporter of fish and shrimp in the world with exports of more than 20 billion dollars in 2020.
The largest importers of fish and shrimp in 2020 were Japan, the United States, China, South Korea and Hong Kong. With the import of more than 14 billion dollars in 2020, Japan is known as the largest importer of fish and shrimp in the world. Iran’s export destinations:
In general, the main destination countries for Iran’s fish and shrimp exports are:
Japan, Iraq, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Russia, South Korea, Kuwait

Top Exporters of caviar/ fish/ shrimp in 2020

HS code 160431 (Fish preparations; caviar).

Exporters
Exporters	Value exported in 2022 (USD thousand)	Trade balance in 2022 (USD thousand)	Quantity exported in 2022
World	20,099,004	1,291,201	0
China	4,640,370	4,525,633	961,705
Thailand	2,996,942	2,705,902	704,251
Ecuador	1,500,030	1,499,406	337,981
Spain	1,016,536	-166,299	159,811
Morocco	783,834	745,765	178,832
Viet Nam	773,713	680,450	0
Germany	722,907	-518,612	154,809
Poland	645,814	460,352	131,075
Netherlands	623,788	159,821	107,078
Indonesia	401,026	367,584	93,414

HS code 0304 (Fish fillets and other fish meat, whether or not minced, fresh, chilled or frozen).

Exporters
Exporters	Value exported in 2022 (USD thousand)	Trade balance in 2022 (USD thousand)	Quantity exported in 2022
World	30,668,535	-1,769,768	0
China	4,077,783	3,333,334	726,006
Chile	3,911,883	3,872,342	321,059
Viet Nam	3,252,089	3,146,476	0
Norway	3,095,310	3,026,717	369,558
Netherlands	1,527,254	707,333	174,583
United States of America	1,290,630	-8,291,784	322,513
Iceland	1,155,347	1,154,863	152,101
Poland	996,410	85,223	106,174
Denmark	891,095	437,510	91,967
Indonesia	868,586	839,451	125,799

Top importers of caviar/ fish/ shrimp in 2020